Heating and cooling system for a bungalow



March 12, 1957 FQDQR 2,784,945

HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM FOR A BUNGALOW Filed July 1, 1954 2Sheets-Sheet 1 CEILING cows.

BAseMeNT FLOOR, colLs,

INVSNTOIQI NICHOLA s P000511 N. FODOR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM FORBUNGALOW Filed July 1, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INDOOR. THRHT s n o c G m Le c a ll 2 mm 7 & \v 2 5 3 8 n 3 b 5 P q L 1 a w l BAseMeNY nool cons.

INVENTORJ NICHOLAS Fooo 5 a. S ATTOIQDIYS United States Patent HEATINGAND COOLING SYSTEM FOR A BUNGALGW Nicholas Fodor, Toronto, Ontario,Canada Application July 1, 1954, Serial No. 440,797 Claims priority,application Canada July 4, 1953 8 Claims. (Cl. 257-4) This inventionrelates to a heating and cooling system for buildings, and isparticularly adapted for the heating and cooling of bungalows havingbasements.

The object of the invention is to provide a heating and cooling systemwhich is economical to operate, which pro vides winter heating andsummer cooling, and which is trouble free and reasonably easy toinstall.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system arranged for heating abungalow;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the same system arranged for cooling abungalow;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of the ceiling structure of abungalow in which the system of Figs. 1 and 2 is installed; and

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of the basement floor structureof the bungalow.

In Figs. 1 and 2, a first group of interconnected pipes 1 is labelledbasement floor coils and a second group of pipes 2 is labelled ceilingcoils. The basement coils 1 are embedded in the floor structure of thebasement of a bungalow, as shown in section in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4 it willbe seen that the floor structure consists of a layer of sand 3 laid onthe earth 4, a layer of crushed stone 5 above the sand, the coils 1 laidon the crushed stone, a slab of concrete 6 in which the coils 1 areembedded, and finally a finished surface of mastic tile 7. By way ofexample, the layer of sand 3 may be approximately six inches. deep, thelayer of crushed stone 5 approximately eight inches deep, the concreteslab 6 approximately six inches thick, and the coils 1 may be ofthree-quarter inch steel pipe.

The ceiling coils 2 are imbedded in the ceiling below the roof of thebungalow, and a fragment of the ceiling structure is shown in Fig. 3.loists 8 have between them bats 9 of thermal insulation such as thatsold under the trademark Aluminum foil 10 is secured to riberglas. thelower edges of the joists, and below the aluminum foil is a layer ofinsulating lath or plasterboard 11 such as that sold under the trademarkGyproc. Between the joists 8 the foil 10 is spaced upwardly from thelath 11 to provide an air space 10a and similarly there is an air space90 between the foil 10 and the bats 9. The pipes 2 lie below the lath 11and are held in position by sheets of expanded metal lath 12 in contactwith the undersides of the pipes 2. The pipes 2 are embedded in plaster13 laid onto the lath 11 and 12. By way of example the pipes 2 may beonehalf inch copper pipes.

Now reverting to Fig. 1, in the basement'of the bungalow is a boiler 14containing water and heated by any suitable means. The boiler isconnected by a stand pipe 15 through an open valve 16 to an air cushiontank 17. The boiler 14 supplies hot water to the basement floor coils 1through a pipe 18, a partly open valve 19, and a check valve 20, thewater returning to the boiler through a circulating pump 21, an openvalve 22, and a check valve 23. The pump 21 is driven by a motor 24which is 2 started and stopped by conventional indoor and outdoorthermostatic means 25.

The boiler similarly supplies hot Water to the ceiling coils 2 through apipe 26, a partly open valve 27, and a check valve 28, the waterreturning to the boiler through a circulating pump 29, an open valve.30, and the check valve 23. The operation of the pump 29 is againc0ntrolled by conventional indoor and outdoor thermostatic means 31.Thus it will be seen that with the system arranged as in Fig. 1, thebasement coils 1 and the ceiling coils 2 are supplied with hot waterfrom the boiler 14, the coils 1 being connected in parallel with thecoils 2.

In the circuit of the floor coils 1, a pipe 32 and a partly open valve33 partially by-pass the boiler 14, so that part of the water circulatesthrough the coils 1 passes from the pump 21 through the pipe 32 and thevalve 33 and check valve 20 back to the floor coils, only a portion ofthe water circulating from the pump 21 through the valve 22, check valve23, boiler 14, pipe 18 and valve 19 to the check valve 20 and thebasement floor coils. Adjustment of the valves 19 and 33 controls theproportion of water flowing through the boiler 14 for reheating beforereturning to the coils 1. Similarly, a by-pass pipe 34 and partly openvalve 35 are provided for the ceiling coils 2.

A pipe 36 extends from the pipe 34 to the basement floor coils, andsimilarly a pipe 37 extends from the pipe 32 to the ceiling coils, butthe pipes 36 and 37, for the connections shown in Fig. l, are blocked.by closed valves 38 and 39 respectively.

It will be seen that with the system arranged as in Fig. 1, the heatingof the basement and of the main story of the bungalow is effectivelyachieved by means of the embedded coils 1 and 2 respectively. Each setof coils has its own circulating pump controlled by its own thermostats.

The connections for warm Weather are shown in Fig. 2. The boiler 14 isrendered inoperative by closing the valves 16, 19, 27, 22 and 39, thuscutting the boiler out of the system, and the by-passes are eliminatedby closing the valves 33 and 35. The valves 38 and 39 are opened, sothat there is a series circuit from the coils 1 through the pump 21,pipe 32, valve 39, pipe 37, ceiling coils 2, pump 29, pipe 34, valve 38and pipe 36 back to the basement coils 1. Since the pipes 1 are in thebasement floor structure they are affected largely by the temperature ofthe earth, which is relatively cool in the summer, so that watercirculated from the coils 1 to the coils 2 cools the main story of thebungalow, the water returning to the pipes 1 to be cooled again. Thepumps 21 and 29 being in series, they are controlled by a commonthermostat 40.

It is noteworthy that while the main story is being cooled by the coils2 the basement is warmed by the water which returns from the coils 2 tothe coils 1. The warming of the basement is of course desirable todecrease the relative humidity in the summer and thus to make thebasement livable. Condensation in the basement is eliminated because ofthe warming effect of the coils 1. Thus it will be seen that the coilscan be connected with suitable fluid heating means for winter heatingand can be ire-connected with the heating means out of the system forsum mer cooling.

Referring to Fig. 3, the metal lath 12 in contact with the ceiling coils2 is a good thermal conductor and substantially equalizes thetemperature across the ceiling 13. If some sort of thermal conductor 12is not provided between the coils 2 there is a danger of condensationoccur ring on the ceiling immediately below each of the pipes 2. Ifnecessary, conventional dehumidifier equipment may be added to takemoisture out of the upper floor.

The effectiveness of the ceiling coils 2 for controlling the temperatureof the room below is increased by the provision of the insulating bats9, the air spaces 9a and a and the insulating lath 11, as well as by theprovision of the heat reflecting aluminum foil 10.

While the coils 1 are preferably located in the basement floor they mayof course be located below the basement floor structure, and similarlyother modifications obvious to those skilled in the art may be madewithout departing from the scope of the claims. In the claims the termceiling structure will be understood to mean whatever structure closesthe top of a room or rooms in a building.

What I claim as my invention is:

l. A heating and cooling system fora bungalow having a ceiling structurelocated away from the earth and a floor structure bearing on the earth,comprising coils of piping embedded in and spread through the ceilingstructure to utilize the ceiling surface for heating and cooling thebuilding, piping similarly embedded in and spread through the floorstructure, water heating means, means for connecting the piping in theceiling structure in parallel with the piping in the floor structure andto the heating means for supplying warm Water to the piping in coldweather to heat the ceiling and floor structures and thus to heat thebuilding, means for disconnecting the heating means from the piping andconnecting the piping in the ceiling structure in series with the pipingin the floor structure in warm weather, thermostatically controlledmeans for circulating water through the series connected piping, thepiping in the floor structure being so located relative to the earththat its temperature is affected largely by that of the earth wherebythe water circulated through the series connected piping is cooled whenin the piping in the floor structure and thus cools the ceilingstructure, the piping in the floor structure thus constituting coolingmeans for the water in warm weather.

2. A heating and cooling system for a building having a ceilingstructure located away from the earth and a floor structure bearing onthe earth, comprising piping spread through the ceiling structure toutilize the ceiling surface for heating and cooling the building, pipingsimilarly spread through the floor structure, heating means connected tothe piping both in the ceiling structure and in the floor structure forsupplying warm fluid to the piping in cold weather to heat the ceilingand floor structures and thus to heat the building, means for renderingthe heating means inoperative and connecting the piping in the ceilingstructure in series with the piping in the floor structure in Warmweather, and means for circulating fluid through the series connectedpiping, the piping in the floor structure being so located relative tothe earth that its temperature is affected largely by that of the earthwhereby the fluid circulated through the series connected piping iscooled when in the piping in the floor structure and thus cools theceiling structure, the piping in the floor structure thus constitutingcooling means for the fluid in warm weather, the temperature of thefluid and thus of the building being controlled by the temperature ofthe earth adjacent the piping in the floor structure.

3. A heating and cooling system as claimed in claim 1, in which theceiling structure is the ceiling of the main storey of a bungalow andthe floor structure is the basement floor of the bungalow, the piping inthe floor structure being the sole heat distributing means for thebasement floor in cold weather and being the sole cooling 4 1 means forthe water in the series connected piping in warm weather.

4. A heating and cooling system as claimed in claim 2, in which theceiiing structure is the ceiling of the main storey of a bungalow andthe floor structure is the basement floor of the bungalow, the pipingspread through the floor structure being the sole heat distributingmeans for the basement floor in cold weather.

5 A heating and cooling system as claimed in claim 4, in which thepiping spread through the floor structure is the sole cooling means forthe fluid in the series connected piping in warm' weather.

6. A heating and cooling system as claimed in claim 2, in which thepiping spread through the floor structure is the sole cooling means forthe fluid in the series connected piping in warm Weather.

7. A heating and cooling system for a building having a ceilingstructure and a floor structure bearing on the earth, comprising pipingspread through the ceiling structure to utilize the ceiling surface forheating and cooling the building, piping similarly spread through thefloor structure, heating means, means for connecting the piping in theceiling structure in parallel with the piping in the floor structure andto the heating means for supplying warm fluid to the piping in coldweather to heat the ceiling and floor structures and thus to heat thebuilding, means for rendering the heating means inoperative andconnecting the piping in the ceiling structure in series with the pipingin the floor structure in warm weather, and means for circulating fluidthrough the series connected piping, the piping in the floor structurebeing so located relative to the earth that its temperature is affectedlargely by that of the earth whereby the fluid circulated through theseries connected piping is cooled when in the piping in the floorstructure and thus cools the ceiling structure, the piping in the floorstructure thus constituting cooling means for the fluid in warm Weather,the means for circulating fluid comprising a circulating pump in serieswith the piping in the ceiling structure and a circulating pump inseries with the piping in the floor structure, the piping in the ceilingstructure and its pump being in series with means for at least partiallybypassing the heating means when the heating means is connected to thepiping, and the piping in the floor structure and its pump being inseries with means for at least partially bypassing the heating means.

8. A heating and cooling system as claimed in claim 7, in which thepumps are thermostatically controlled.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNIT ED STATES PATENTS1,963,786 Glenn June 19, 1934 2,038,347 Cornell Apr. 21, 1936 FOREIGNPATENTS 540,678 Great Britain Oct. 27, 1941 505,971 Great Britain Oct.15, 1951 OTHER REFERENCES Heating and Ventilating Magazine, January1947, Thrush Forced Circulating Flow Control Hot Water Heating, page 23.

